你在上一节中发现 dict 的秘密功能了吗?你可以解释给自己吗?让我来给你解释一下,顺便和你自己的理解对比看有什么不同。这里是我们要讨论的代码:
cities['_find'] = find_city
city_found = cities['_find'](cities, state)
你要记住一个函数也可以作为一个变量,``def find_city`` 比如这一句创建了一个你可以在任何地方都能使用的变量。在这段代码里,我们首先把函数 find_city 放到叫做 cities 的字典中,并将其标记为 '_find'。 这和我们将州和市关联起来的代码做的事情一样,只不过我们在这里放了一个函数的名称。
好了,所以一旦我们知道 find_city 是在字典中 _find 的位置,这就意味着我们可以去调用它。第二行代码可以分解成如下步骤:
我再教你一个小技巧。如果你倒着阅读的话,代码可能会变得更容易理解。让我们来试一下,一样是那行:
还有一种方法读它,这回是“由里向外”。
数十年的编程下来,我在读代码的过程中已经用不到上面的三种方法了。我只要瞟一眼就能知道它的意思。甚至给我一整页的代码,我也可以一眼瞄出里边的 bug 和错误。这样的技能是花了超乎常人的时间和精力才锻炼得来的。在磨练的过程中,我学会了下面三种读代码的方法,它们适用于几乎所有的编程语言:
下次碰到难懂的语句时,你可以试试这三种方法。
现在我们来写这次的练习,写完后再过一遍,这节习题其实挺有趣的。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 | import random
from urllib import urlopen
import sys
WORD_URL = "http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt"
WORDS = []
PHRASES = {
"class ###(###):":
"Make a class named ### that is-a ###.",
"class ###(object):\n\tdef __init__(self, ***)" :
"class ### has-a __init__ that takes self and *** parameters.",
"class ###(object):\n\tdef ***(self, @@@)":
"class ### has-a function named *** that takes self and @@@ parameters.",
"*** = ###()":
"Set *** to an instance of class ###.",
"***.***(@@@)":
"From *** get the *** function, and call it with parameters self, @@@.",
"***.*** = '***'":
"From *** get the *** attribute and set it to '***'."
}
# do they want to drill phrases first
PHRASE_FIRST = False
if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == "english":
PHRASE_FIRST = True
# load up the words from the website
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
WORDS.append(word.strip())
def convert(snippet, phrase):
class_names = [w.capitalize() for w in
random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("###"))]
other_names = random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("***"))
results = []
param_names = []
for i in range(0, snippet.count("@@@")):
param_count = random.randint(1,3)
param_names.append(', '.join(random.sample(WORDS, param_count)))
for sentence in snippet, phrase:
result = sentence[:]
# fake class names
for word in class_names:
result = result.replace("###", word, 1)
# fake other names
for word in other_names:
result = result.replace("***", word, 1)
# fake parameter lists
for word in param_names:
result = result.replace("@@@", word, 1)
results.append(result)
return results
# keep going until they hit CTRL-D
try:
while True:
snippets = PHRASES.keys()
random.shuffle(snippets)
for snippet in snippets:
phrase = PHRASES[snippet]
question, answer = convert(snippet, phrase)
if PHRASE_FIRST:
question, answer = answer, question
print question
raw_input("> ")
print "ANSWER: %s\n\n" % answer
except EOFError:
print "\nBye"
|
代码不少,不过还是从头写完吧。确认它能运行,然后玩一下看看。
我玩起来时这样的:
$ python ex41.py
bat.bait(children)
> From bat get the bait function and call it with self and children arguments.
ANSWER: From bat get the bait function, and call it with parameters self, children.
class Brake(object):
def __init__(self, beef)
> class Brake has a __init__ function that takes self and beef parameters.
ANSWER: class Brake has-a __init__ that takes self and beef parameters.
class Cow(object):
def crook(self, cushion)
> class Cow has-a function named crook that takes self and cushion params.
ANSWER: class Cow has-a function named crook that takes self and cushion parameters.
cast = Beetle()
> Set cast to an instance of class Beetle.
ANSWER: Set cast to an instance of class Beetle.
cent.coach = 'appliance'
> From cent get the coach attribute and set it to appliance.
ANSWER: From cent get the coach attribute and set it to 'appliance'.
class Destruction(Committee):
> ^D
Bye